According to criticisms, how do trade rules affect developed and developing countries?

Trade rules often create a framework that can disproportionately favor developed countries over developing nations. This occurs for several reasons, including the established economic power and negotiating leverage that developed countries possess, as well as their more robust regulatory and institutional frameworks.

Developed countries often have the technological advancement and resources to comply with complex trade regulations, whereas developing countries may struggle to meet these requirements, leading to a disadvantage. Additionally, developed nations can shape trade agreements and standards to align with their interests, which can further marginalize developing countries in terms of market access and fair competition.

This dynamic perpetuates existing inequalities, where developed nations can protect their industries through tariffs, subsidies, and other mechanisms, creating barriers for products from developing countries. Thus, the assertion that trade rules protect developed countries more than developing countries aligns with the broader criticism of global trade dynamics. It highlights the systemic imbalances that can arise within international trade relations.